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Fig.1: „Freezing up“ of natural forces by symmetry fractioning

[11], p. 225: „One knows now, there are thousands of string theories which mathematically are as consistent as both the Green- Schwarz theories".
Until now, we don’t know which string theory or if one of them , at all, is suitable for the description of the real world. Thus, the unification of all natural forces furthermore belongs to the big unsolved  mysteries in theoretical physics.

3. Design of a new cosmological model

The field equations of the GTR do not state which time scale applies.[12], p. 225:
„- The laws of the General Theory of Relativity are independent on the parameterization of the time. “
This degree of freedom for the choice of the time parameter offers additional possibilities of interpretation to the GTR. What is important is to find that time scale which, in linkage to the GTR, leads to new, physically plausible and experimentally verifiable statements. It can be shown, the „cosmic time“ is just the correct time scale that meets these expectations.
The new solutions of Einstein’s field equations „producible“ hereby lead to surprising consequences for our physical world view in total, but especially for the cosmology and elementary particles physics.

3.1  The world from view of the Newton time

The following deliberations are founded on  axioms which are accepted by most scientists today:
I: The velocity of light is a universal constant of nature.
II: The laws of the GTR apply to the total universe.
III: The universe spans out a plane (Euclidean) space, in the average, over large distances.
The simplest cosmos model satisfying these axioms is the Einstein – de Sitter universe ( Fig. 2 on p. 11, model III ).
It shall serve as a starting base for further considerations.
All world models with an energy density  e > 0 and L< 0, delay their expansion speed in the course of the time.
The gravitational brake effect can be expressed by a delay parameter q.
 
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