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The objects most distant from us
which have been observed in the universe have a red shift of z »
5.5, moving at more than
95 % of the light speed away from
us. As the absolutely empty space- the true vacuum- has an energy
density
ev
> 0 , the Theory of Relativity forbids expansion speeds 
>
c. Therefore, we must start from the universe to expand exactly at
light speed(
= c) [14]. By a simple model, the statement =
c ~ t -1/3 is verifiable. Any
form
of energy ( also light) is subject to the gravitation force. A photon
at
the outer limit of the universe, flying radially, is braked by the
total
mass of the universe, by the brake force. ( fig. 3 on p. 12):
From this follows, with R ~ t 2/3
(2)
the relation
(4)
in this, the term 
has the meaning of an acceleration 
With 
results
(5)
Fig. 3: Variation of the „escape speed“ of the expanding universe in time.
It is interesting that the speed
of light
also can be interpreted as „cosmic speed of sound“, when the theory of
the gravitational instability is applied to the total cosmos. ( see
Annex
I).
Lately, the possibility of a light
speed varying with time is also deliberated by other scientists.
Thus,
Andreas Albrecht from the University of California in Davis, John
Barrow
from the University Cambridge and Joao Magueijo from the Imperial
College
in London lately have developed the VSL-theory (varying-speed-of-light
theory) which also postulates a light speed that decreases with time
[15],
p. 42: „ ... the most promising and most provoking alternative (to
the inflationary model) well may be the theory of the variable speed
of light or the VSL theory.”
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