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But the time of the STR is not the time of the GTR. Could it be, the time term in the GTR must be modified again?
J. D. Barrow assumes, in the relativistic cosmology (GTR) the absolute time does exist [17], p. 362.
He also wonders which clocks could measure a „cosmic time“ reaching back to the big bang and proposes a curvature clock that measures changes in the geometry of the universe. In the end, however, he comes to a rather pessimistic upshot
[17], p. 483: “The question if there is an unambiguous, absolute standard for that time which is globally defined by the internal geometry of the world poses a big unsolved problem in cosmology. Until we know the answer, we will not know what the singularities of the space-time physically mean and how we shall answer the question whether the universe has a finite age or will last eternally. ”
Paul Davies also is skeptical [7], p. 329: “To solve the miracle „time“, we still have a long way to go" .

In spite of these doubts, in the next sections, I will try to find a solution for defining an absolute cosmic time.
Next, however, the begun „formal“ procedure shall be brought to an end, by further using the Newton time t as  time parameter.

Matter and „gravitation constant“

     From (2), (4) and (7) follows:
     GM = const.         (8)
As, so  far, there is no process known that might sensibly question the law of conservation of energy, let us postulate
E = Mc2 = const.  With c ~ t -1/3 , there results, for the total mass of the universe:
M ~ t 2/3 ~ R                   (9)
and for the gravitation constant:
G ~ M -1 ~ R-1 ~ c2 ~ t - 2/ 3      (10)
It is interesting that H. J. Fahr, by considerations based on an experiment of thoughts that had already been published by Thirring in 1921 , also requires the proportionality expressed in (9), by writing [5], p. 206:
”that with a doubling of all metric distances in the universe, a doubling of the effective world mass should come along!”
However, it is not fully known until now, on which mechanism the continuous creation of matter is based. Paul Davies writes in this respect [18], p. 53/54: “ In the laboratory, particles can collide at high speed, and there appear four where before there had only been two. The “price” for the creation of the new particles is the decrease of speed of the original ones. The transformation of untouchable motion into something one can touch comes very close to the image of the creation from the nothing".. Why should something certified unambiguously in the laboratory not also happen elsewhere in the universe? Thus, there is no trustworthy argument which could forbid the hypothesis c ~ t-1/3® M ~ t 2/3
(E = Mc = constant)! The idea of a “gravitation constant” G, decreasing with time is not new, as well.
 
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