19

Even Ernst Mach thought it  possible (and necessary) to attach a direct, observable meaning to the term „absolute time“
[20], p. 25:
„ Mach had presumed  that the „ entropy of the cosmos“ could serve as a definition for the absolute time“
and further [20], p. 33: „if, according to Mach’s assumption, the absolute time was manifested by any cosmic processes and if these processes would, by causality, act on the beat of all clocks, i. e. on all movements in a way not understood so far, then these forces appearing by change of the time definition are no longer virtual forces. The source of these forces or the force field caused by them, resp. , then would be those cosmic processes by which the absolute time is defined. The time measure defined  by this absolute time then would not longer be distinguished from other time definitions by optimal  possibilities of explanation, but by real property changes ( increase of entropy, expansion etc.) of the cosmos.“
The existence of an absolute time defined by cosmic processes has, by the way, not only been demanded by Ernst Mach, but also by other scientists, as the following quotations show. [17], p. 481:
„how can we know there is not a basic measure of time that is linked to the total universe?"
Paul Davies is even more explicit [7], p. 212:
„can’t we use the expansion of the universe itself as a clock ? “
Indeed, the world radius R or, resp. , the world mass M offer the exactly right parameters for the definition of a cosmic clock that measures the velocity of light c =   ~ t ^-1/3 always as a constant value. Expressed by these parameters,  we receive a remarkable proportionality for the cosmic time:
t ~ R ~ M ~ t ^2/3    (14)
Accordingly, the basic values defining our physical reality  (time t space R and  matter M) are linked to each other and contained in the evolution of the universe in the simplest imaginable manner. It is interesting, Henning Genz takes the same solution as (14) into consideration, by asking ( but, however, not giving a reason for it) [12], p. 229:
“Why then not go all the way and select the radius of the universe as time parameter? “
It is well known that we have no possibility to measure the flow of the time itself. All time measuring instruments
( pendulum, quartz, atomic clocks) only can register time intervals Dt, Dt ). By differentiation, we receive from (14):
Dt / Dt ~ ~ t ^-1/3         (15)
 

19