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4.4     The Large Numbers Hypothesis by  Paul Dirac

 Different from the CTH, Dirac did not link the strong nuclear force Fs, but the electric force Fe to the gravitation force FG .
He considered, the relation between the attraction force of an electron and a proton on the basis of their electric charge
± e and that on basis of their masses me and mp (Fe/FG = e2/memp G = N »10 39 ) is of the same order of magnitude as
t1/ te = N2»10 41
(t1» R1/c = today’s world age; te = re/c = time the light needs to travel the elementary length r [29], p. 306.
      While N1, acc. to conventional physics, is constant, N2 measures the scale of the universe, and since the universe expands,  N2 increases with time.  Dirac could not believe, the equality of  N1 » N2 only was accidental, but assumed a fundamental physical connection to hide behind this. To make  N1 always = N2 , he developed the “ Large Numbers Hypothesis” that demands a “gravitational constant”decreasing with time(G ~ t -1). Apparently, the “ matching accuracy” of  theDirac hypothesis (N1 = Fe/FG»1039, N 2  = t 1/ t e »10 41), compared to the CTH (N1 = Fs/FG » 10 41,  N2 = t1/ te » 10 41 ) is relatively coarse. The probability that the equality of N1 = N2 is no accident, thus remarkably grows with the CTH, compared to the Dirac hypothesis. One more reason to study the CTH intensively. Meanwhile,  the Dirac hypothesis was disproved by measurements.
17], p. 539/540: „Until today, we have no indicatio that the gravitation force decreases in the course of the time. The Viking missions to Mars have shown that the gravitation force, if it has changed in the course of history at all,  can have varied by  1 % at the most, in the total 15 billions  of years of history of the universe. That is one hundredth of the amount Dirac had predicted.” Therefore, if the “gravitation constant would be the sole value varying with time, the universe could never have had developed in such a way as we observe it today. It is what it is, because all other basic values of nature also are dependent on time (t). We must especially mind that the weakening of the gravitation field with time, to be expected according to the CTH as a consequence of a decreasing gravitation constant with time (G ~ t -2/3) is compensated  by the continuous creation of new matter (M~ t 2/3). This should be taken into consideration when the data transmitted by the Viking sonde are evaluated.  Possibly, an interesting connection to the Mach principle could be produced [24].
 
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