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The physical vacuum can be regarded as a continuum  to which a virtual density  (r_v) and compressibility (K_v) can be attributed. The signal speed c_w in this vacuum is  [28] :
                 (33)
For a space element  with edge length r and the virtual parts m, there is ( Fig. 17):

 

Fig, 17: space element with virtual parts m
                    (34)
            (35)
Between the particles m, there acts the gravitation force
                  (36)
Or, resp.
              (37)
The virtual parts thus create a pressure of
                          (38)
or, resp.
                        (39)
( 37), inserted into (39) results in
                (40)
 

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