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[28], p. 320:
“But there remains the urgent
question of the absolute value of this energy density, as well as those
of the other quantum fields, and the question of the variability
of these energy densities at a metric of the universe that varies with
time. Now, as before, there is not even a trace of an answer."
[30], p. 98:
„If we reject the possibility
that the cosmological constant is only by accidence infinitesimally
small,
then we must accept radical consequences for physics.”
Before we can find an approach for
the solution of this problem at all, we must clarify how the vacuum
energy
density is calculated from the quantum field theory [31], p. 128:
“In the equation of the available
quantum field theory, the energy density diverges (ultra violet
divergence),
i. e. the integral over all wave numbers k diverges.
Therefore, the k space is cut
off at an energy scale Ex @
10 19 GeV,i. e. at the Planck scale (tPL » 10
-
43 s). From this follows rvac»
10 92 gcm -3.
On the other hand, from
observations
results that rvac<
»rcrit
= 2 . 10 -29 gcm -3
.
With this, there results a
discrepancy
of 120 powers of ten."
According to the CTH, neither the
vacuum energy density, nor the cosmological constant are really
constant,
but are values depending on time [9], also see Fig. 3:
ev
~ t -2 , L ~
t - 4/3 ).
This, by the way, also is in
accordance
with newer investigations by Overduin, Wesson and Bowyer
concerning
the behaviour of the vacuum energy density in the expanding universe
[32],
p. 135:
“They reach the conclusion that
the vacuum suffers deterioration at the expansion of the cosmos, and
that
the vacuum energy density in the expanding cosmos decreases
systematically
with the world time.”
If we now calculate the vacuum
energy
density by means of the CTH at the Planck time ( tPL »
10 -43 s)
- (the conventional calculation
method
cuts the diverging series off at this point) and relate it to
toady’s
vacuum energy density (t1 »
10 17 s), then we receive the surprising result:
eV
PL/eV1»
10 120
(The exact calculation using
t PL = 5.4 . 10 -
44
s and t1 = 4.7 . 10 17
s leads to a slightly larger value, namely
eV
PL/eV1
=
10 122 ).
The calculation of the cosmological
constant by means of the CTH also leads to a value that is in
accordance
with the observation [9]:
L = 1/R
2
» 10
-53
m -2 ( R »
1.5
.
10 26 m ).
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