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It is interesting, Henning Genz even takes the same solution as (1) into consideration, by questioning but, however, not giving a founded reason for this [11], p. 229:
“Why then not go all the way and use the radius of the universe as time parameter?”
The discomfort towards the abstract Newton time expressed in the above quotations obviously rests on the fact, it escapes any attempt to interpret it as an empirically verifiable term.
The most impressive feature of the CTH is, it demands a time metric which is linked to cosmic processes we can observe, and it can, strictly logically, be deduced from the GTR [9].
The big bang, when projected to the cosmic time scale, dissolves into a process that cannot be focussed to time, i. e., it recedes into an infinitely far past. This is a result which, by the way, supports the request to modify the big bang theory, which has been stated time and again during the past years [17], p. 25:
“The Einstein Theory of Relativity, formulated in 1915, supplied, in the Twenties, the most evident explanation for the beginning of our universe so far. According to Einstein, the universe was born about 10 to 20 billions of years ago in a giant explosion, the big bang. But the Einstein theory has many gaps.
Why did the universe explode? What happened before the big bang?
Theologians as well as other scientists meanwhile are convinced of the incompleteness of the big bang theory, as it can neither explain the coming into existence of the big bang, nor the big bang itself.”
The CTH solves this problem in a simple way: There never was a big bang!
It only exists in our imagination, since we regard the time as too rigid.
When observed through the “now- time glasses”, a clock ticks all the faster the more it moves back into the past.
Measured at its beat of time, the big bang is reached after an infinitely long time only.
St. Hawking has a similar view [42], p. 117:
“According to the strong version of the hypothesis of the cosmic censure ,the singularities for a realistic solution are always located totally in the future ( singularities of the gravitation collapse) or totally in the past ( such as the big bang)."
J. Barrow says it even more clearly [16], p. 362/263:
“Let’s assume we must travel back to the big bang by a time reversion of the space expansion….. If we return to the start singularity, curvature and density supposedly will become infinitely large; our curvature clock will, in a finite time interval , then well measure an infinite interval of the curvature time."
According to the CTH, from the “Now-Time View”, all processes close to the big bang must have happened extremely fast, which also is confirmed by the theories of the early universe.
For anybody who could move back into the past, the beat of time Dt of a clock taken along, however, would remain constant, as all physical/chemical processes in the past happened faster from the “Today- View”.
For him, the speed of light would be a constant value, independent on time. Fig. 4 shall point this out clearly.