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According to the imaginations of
the elementary particles physicists, all natural forces were, at the Planck
time, combined in a single force. A mathematical model for the unification
of all known natural forces (electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational
interaction) is believed to be found by means of the Super string theory
[24], p. 220:
„The Super string theory leads
us back to the origin of time, when all cosmic forces were completely symmetrical
and presented one primary super force.“
According to the Super string theory,
the first symmetry fractioning separating the gravitation as the first
force from the remaining natural forces, took place at the Planck time,
when the universe was about 10 -43
seconds old.
By later symmetry fractionings,
the other natural forces then also became independent ( see Fig. 6 below)
Fig. 6: "Freezing“ of the natural forces by symmetry fractioning
In 1968, the theorists Weinberg,
Salom and Glashow could achieve the unification of the electromagnetic
and the weak force into the electroweak force, on the basis of a calibration
symmetry- the Yang- Mills- theory. Since then, no major progress could
be made. In 1984 only, the unification of all natural forces gained new
impetus by a Super string model introduced by Green and Schwarz which featured
enough symmetry to exclude certain anomalies of earlier string theories.
But even with this, the breakthrough could not be achieved.
[25], p. 225: “One knows now
that there are thousands of string theories which mathematically are just
as consistent as the two Green- Schwarz theories."
Which string theory and if one of
them at all is capable to serve as a model for descibing the real world,
we do not know until today. Thus, the unification of all natural forces
furtheron belongs to the big unsolved riddles in theoretical physics.
From the CTH now follow some interesting
relations between the strong nuclear force and the gravitation force, which
could be of fundamental importance for the unification of all natural forces.
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